Embedded system

COURSE CONTENT

Practical C

• Why C in Embedded
• ANSI Standard
• Fundamentals of C
• Datatypes and Constants
• Simple & Formatted I/O
• Memory Usage
• Operators & Expressions
• Flow Control
• Loops

Functions

• Role of Functions
• Pass by value / reference
• Returning values from Functions
• Recursive Functions
• Call Back Functions
• Implications on Stack
• Library Vs User defined function
• Passing variable number of arguments

Arrays

• Defining, initializing and using arrays
• Multi Dimensional Arrays
• Arrays of Characters and Strings
• Arrays and Pointers
• Passing arrays to functions
• String handling with and without library functions

Storage Classes

• Scope and Life
• Automatic, Static, External, Register
• Memory(CPU / RAM)

Structures & Unions

• What structures are for
• Declaration, initialization
• Accessing like objects
• Nested Structures
• Array of Structures
• Passing structures through functions
• Allocation of memory and holes
• Structure Comparison
• Structure bit operation
• Typedef for portability
• Unions
• Overlapping members

Enumerated data types

• Enum, Indexing, enum Vs #define

Bit Operations

• AND ( & ), OR ( | ), XOR ( ^ )
• Compliment ( ~ )
• Left-Shift ( << ), Right Shift ( >> )
• Masking, Setting, Clearing and Testing of Bit / Bits

Pointers

• The purpose of pointers
• Defining pointers
• The & and * operators
• Pointer Assignment
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Multiple indirections
• Advanced pointer types
• Generic and Null Pointer
• Function Pointers
• Pointers to Arrays and Strings
• Array of Pointers
• Pointers to Structure and Union
• Pointers to Dynamic memory
• Far, Near and Huge Pointers
• Pointer Type Casting

Compiler in Practical

• Preprocessor Directives
• Compiler, Assembler, Linker
• Conditional Compilation
• Multiple File Compilation
• Code Optimization techniques
• Volatile, #pragma

Data Structures

• Linear & non-linear
• Homogeneous & non-homogeneous
• Static & Dynamic
• Single, Double & Circular Linked Lists
• Stacks & Queues
• Binary Trees

Microcontroller Intel 8051

Introduction

• Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
• CISC vs RISC

Overview of Architecture of 8051

• Processor Core and Functional Block Diagram
• Description of memory organization
• Overview of ALL SFR’s and their basic functionality

Low-level Programming Concepts

• Addressing Modes
• Instruction Set and Assembly Language (ALP)
• Developing, Building and Debugging ALP’s

Middle Level Programming Concepts

• Cross Compiler
• Embedded C Implementation, prog. * Debugging
• Differences from ASNSI-C
• Memory Models
• Library reference
• Use of #pragma directive
• Functions, Parameter passing and return types

On-Chip Peripherals

• Ports: Input/output
• Timers & Counters
• Interrupts, UART

External Interfaces

• LEDS
• Switches (Momentary type, Toggle type)
• Seven Segment Display: (Normal mode, BCD mode,
• Internal Multiplexing & External Multiplexing)
• LCD (4bit, 8bit, Busy Flag, Custom Character Generation)
• Keypad Matrix

Protocols

• I2C (EEPROM)
• SPI (EEPROM)

Keil’s RTX51 

• Overview
• Specifications
• Single-Tasking Programs
• Multi-Tasking Programs
• RTX51 Tiny Programs
• Theory of Operation
• Timer Tick Interrupt
• Task Management & Scheduler Events
• Round-Robin & Co-operative Task Switching
• Idle Task
• Stack Management
• Function Reference
• Porting on to H/W
• Implementation Examples

Selective Discussion during Project Development

• A/D & D/A Converter
• Stepper motor, DC Motor
• I2C Protocol (RTC:800583,DS1307 ADC:PCF8591, DS1621)
• SPI Protocols (ADC:MCP3001)
• IR Communications (Phillips RC5 Protocol)
• ZIGBEE, GSM, GPS, USB, MMC & SD
• Ethernet MAC, CAN Protocol

IoT on Raspberry Pi – (Student Optional)

Introduction to the “Internet of Things”

• Introduction to Raspberry Pi
• Tools : Win32ImageWrite & SDFormatter
• Loading Raspbian OS image on SD CARD
• Demo programs using C
• Backing Up Updated SD CARD & OS image
• Installing Wiring Pi package
• Controlling the Raspberry Pi 2 GPIO by command line